Category: Linux

LibreWolf web browser

LibreWolf is a fork of Firefox, focused on privacy, security and freedom. This browser provides such features:

  • No Telemetry;
  • Private Search;
  • Ad Block Included;
  • Enhanced Security;
  • Fast Updates;
  • Open Source;

Download this program You can on the official Web-site of LibreWolf browser: https://librewolf-community.gitlab.io/

The source code of LibreWolf You can get here: https://gitlab.com/librewolf-community/browser

Touchégg

Touchégg is an app that runs in the background and transform the gestures you make on your touchpad or touchscreen into visible actions in your desktop.

For example, you can swipe up with 3 fingers to maximize a window or swipe left with 4 finger to switch to the next desktop.

Many more actions and gestures are available and everything is easily configurable.

Download and install program you can on official Git repository: https://github.com/JoseExposito/touchegg

How to add directory to PATH in Linux

The $PATH environment variable is a list of directories that tells the shell which directories to search for executable files.

To check what directories are in your $PATH list use command:

echo $PATH

To add new directory ~/.local/bin/ to $PATH use command:

export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"

But this change is only temporary and valid only in the current shell session.

To make the change permanent, you need to define the $PATH variable in the shell configuration files. In most Linux distributions when you start a new session, environment variables are read from the following files:

  • Global shell specific configuration files such as /etc/environment and /etc/profile. Use this file if you want the new directory to be added to all system users $PATH.
  • Per-user shell specific configuration files. For example, if you are using Bash, you can set the $PATH variable in the ~/.bashrc file. If you are using Zsh the file name is ~/.zshrc.

In this example, we’ll set the variable in the ~/.bashrc file. Open the file with your text editor and add the following line at the end of it:

nano ~/.bashrc

export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"

Save the file and load the new $PATH into the current shell session using the source command:

source ~/.bashrc

To confirm that the directory was successfully added, print the value of your $PATH by typing:

echo $PATH

Yt-dlp: youtube-dl alternative

yt-dlp is a youtube-dl fork based on the now inactive youtube-dlc. The main focus of this project is adding new features and patches while also keeping up to date with the original project.

Official GitHub repository: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp

Installation:

sudo wget https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp -O /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp

Yt-dlp usage similar as a youtube-dl. To show all supported video formats use command:

yt-dlp -F https://youtube.com/video-id

To download video use command with flag yt-dlp -f <firmat-id> <video-url>

yt-dlp -f 22 https://youtube.com/video-id

To download all videos from playlist and convert them to mp3 use command:

yt-dlp --ignore-errors --format bestaudio --extract-audio --audio-format mp3 --audio-quality 160K --output "%(title)s.%(ext)s" --yes-playlist 'YOUTUBE-PLAYLIST-URL'

Install Proxmox VE on Debian

Proxmox VE (Proxmox Virtual Environment) – this is a open source virtualization system, that uses a hypervisor KVM and LXC, based on Debian GNU Linux.

First edit your /etc/hosts file and write there your IP address:

sudo nano /etc/hosts
192.168.1.2    hostname.com   hostname

Add Proxmox VE distribution to your operating system:

echo "deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve buster pve-no-subscription" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-install-repo.list

Add key for Proxmox VE repository:

wget http://download.proxmox.com/debian/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg
chmod +r /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg # optional, if you have a non-default umask

Update packages list and upgrade your system:

apt update && apt full-upgrade

Install Proxmox VE packages:

apt install proxmox-ve postfix open-iscsi

Reboot your system

reboot

After reboot open your web borwser and go to https://192.168.1.2:8006, where 192.168.1.2 – is a IP address of your Proxmox computer, and 8006 – default Proxmox port.

That’s all, Proxmox VE successfully installed on your PC. Now you can create new Virtual machines…

How to auto start program in Linux with root privilegies

To run some script or program when computer start in linux – copy this program to /etc/init.d directory. Change permissions to 755.

For example let’s create simple bash script “ntpsync“that sync system clock with NTP server in Internet:

service ntp stop
ntpdate time.nist.gov
service ntp start

Copy this sctipt to /etc/init.d, create symbolic link to /etc/rc3.d:

ln -s /etc/init.d/ntpsync /etc/rc3.d/ntpsync

Rc3 level – Мulti-user regime width network support.

That’s all, on next startup Linux will run this script, and automatically sync system clock with NTP server from Internet.

Download video from YouTube and convert it to mp3 in Linux

To download video from YouTube you can use some site in Internet, but many of them have ads, viruses and don’t do what you need.

But you can use simple program youtube-dl. It is free, open source, work in console and can download video, audio from YouTube in one click.

To install youtube-dl use simple commands:

1. Install python:

sudo apt install python3
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python

2. Install youtube-dl:

sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

How to use youtube-dl:

To get all supported formats from YouTube video use command:

youtube-dl -F https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpqdtB4ssX0

Thic sommand show you all video formats and id’s

To download some format use flag -f and ID from previous command:

youtube-dl -f 18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpqdtB4ssX0

That’s all, video starts download. You can use it in terminal and don’t need to open suspicious sites.

You can also download playlists of video from YouTube the same way.

Convert video to mp3 audio.

And you can convert video to mp3 using program ffmpeg. To install ffmpeg use command:

sudo apt install ffmpeg

To convert video to mp3 use command:

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -acodec libmp3lame audio.mp3

Configure thumbnails for video files in nextcloud

Nextcloud use ffmpeg to generate thumbnails from video files, so you need to install ffmpeg on your server first:

sudo apt install ffmpeg

Now configure nextcloud. Open configuration file /config/config.php and add this lines:

'enable_previews' => true,
'enabledPreviewProviders' => array (
        0 => 'OC\\Preview\\Image',
        1 => 'OC\\Preview\\Movie',
        2 => 'OC\\Preview\\TXT',
),

That’s all, it is very simple 😉